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The Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) is a prestigious and comprehensive professional undergraduate degree aimed at preparing students to become licensed and competent medical practitioners. It is the foundational qualification for medical careers in India and globally.
What is MBBS?
The MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) is the most sought-after undergraduate medical course in India. With a duration of 5.5 years (including a 1-year compulsory internship), MBBS is the foundational step toward becoming a licensed medical practitioner. Admission to MBBS programs in India is only through NEET-UG, and the counselling is conducted by various authorities based on the type of institution and applicable quotas.
The MBBS curriculum integrates academic theory, clinical practice, and professional ethics to ensure graduates can diagnose, treat, and manage various medical conditions across diverse healthcare environments.
Vision for Healthcare Education
The remarkable increase in the number of colleges and available MBBS seats is a testament to India’s commitment to producing a competent and widespread medical workforce. It aligns with national healthcare goals, including strengthening primary healthcare, addressing doctor shortages, and ensuring equitable access to medical services across all states.
Inside the MBBS Program: From Classroom to Clinic
The MBBS course offers a well-structured and scientifically integrated syllabus that spans foundational and clinical subjects. Students gain in-depth knowledge of Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, Pathology, Microbiology, Pharmacology, and advance to clinical disciplines such as General Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics, Obstetrics & Gynecology, and Community Medicine.
Intensive Clinical and Practical Training
From the early phases of the program, students engage in hands-on laboratory work, cadaver dissection, hospital postings, clinical case studies, and real-time patient care. This fosters clinical acumen, diagnostic skills, and decision-making abilities essential for effective medical practice.
Comprehensive Internship Program
The final year includes a 12-month compulsory rotating internship across all major medical departments: General Medicine, General Surgery, Pediatrics, Orthopedics, Obstetrics & Gynecology, and Emergency Medicine. This phase ensures practical exposure under real clinical conditions, preparing students for independent medical practice.
Training in Ethics, Communication & Professionalism
A strong emphasis is placed on medical ethics, empathetic patient communication, legal responsibility, and maintaining professional integrity. This ensures MBBS graduates not only become skilled doctors but also responsible healthcare leaders committed to patient welfare and public health.
1. Counselling Authorities & Seat Types
Counselling Authority
Seats Handled
MCC (Medical Counselling Committee)
15% All India Quota (AIQ), 100% AIIMS, JIPMER, AMU, BHU, DU, Deemed Universities, ESI, AFMC, Central Universities, Central Pool Quota
State Counselling Authorities (DME/DMHS)
85% State Quota in Government Medical Colleges, 100% seats in Private Medical Colleges (including management and NRI quotas)
2. Types of MBBS Seat Quotas
All India Quota (15% AIQ)
Open to all NEET-qualified candidates (no domicile restriction)
Seats from government colleges across all states
Counselling by MCC
Includes reservation for SC/ST/OBC/EWS/PwD
State Quota (85%)
For students with domicile in the respective state
Counselling conducted by the state medical authority
Reservation as per state policy (OBC/ST/SC, etc.)
Institutional Quotas
DU Quota – Only Delhi candidates (Delhi University-affiliated colleges)
AMU Quota – Internal quota for AMU students (50% seats)
BHU Quota – Preference for BHU candidates in 85% seats
Minority Quotas – For religious/minority institutions (e.g., Christian, Muslim colleges)
Management Quota
Available in private colleges
Higher fees than the government quota
No domicile restrictions in many states
NRI Quota
Reserved for Non-Resident Indian candidates
Requires specific documents (passport, embassy certificate, etc.)
Very high tuition fees
3. Special Quotas
Quota Name
Eligibility & Key Points
EWS Quota
For candidates from Economically Weaker Sections (10% in AIQ & many states)
ESI Quota
For wards of insured persons under the ESIC scheme (85% IP quota in ESIC colleges)
Defence Quota
For children of defence personnel (available in some state and central colleges)
PwD Quota
5% horizontal reservation for Persons with Disabilities in all categories
AFMC
Armed Forces Medical College; admission via NEET + separate AFMC test & interview process
Central Pool Quota
Reserved seats for UTs, MHA nominees, terrorism-affected families, paramilitary wards
4. Counselling Process (Step-by-Step)
For AIQ, AIIMS, JIPMER, Deemed, ESI, BHU, DU, AMU (MCC Counselling)
Register on the MCC website
Fill choices and lock preferences
Participate in Round 1, Round 2, Mop-Up Round, and Stray Vacancy Round
Upload documents and report to the allotted college
For State Government & Private Colleges (State Counselling)
Register on the respective state DME/DMHS portal
Submit domicile, category, and qualification documents
Cross-check eligibility for quotas like EWS, ESIC, Defence, etc.
Keep documents scanned and ready for quick uploads
Do not miss deadlines – reporting delays can cancel allotment
Always participate in mop-up and stray rounds if not allotted earlier
Comprehensive Overview of the MBBS Institute and Seat
MBBS Seat Distribution in India – 2024–25
India continues to bolster its medical education infrastructure to meet the rising demand for skilled healthcare professionals. For the academic year 2024–25, the National Medical Commission (NMC) reports 780 recognized medical colleges across the country, collectively offering 118,190 MBBS seats—a significant indicator of India’s robust and expanding healthcare education system.
MBBS Seat Allocation by Institution Type
Government Medical Colleges: Approximately 58,186 MBBS seats are available through government-run medical institutions, ensuring affordable and high-quality education for aspiring doctors.
Private Medical Colleges: Nearly 60,004 MBBS seats are provided by private-sector colleges, which play a crucial role in bridging the healthcare education gap across regions.
Rapid Growth in Medical Institutions
India has witnessed exceptional growth in its medical college count over the past decade. From 387 colleges in 2013–14, the number has surged to 766 by 2024–25, reflecting a near doubling of capacity in just over 10 years. This expansion encompasses both the government and private sectors, contributing to enhanced accessibility for medical aspirants nationwide.
In tandem, the number of MBBS seats has risen sharply—from 108,940 in 2023–24 to 115,812 in 2024–25, marking a 6.3% annual increase. This growth supports India’s long-term goal of strengthening the healthcare delivery system through a larger, more geographically distributed medical workforce.
States Leading in MBBS Seat Availability
As of the 2024–25 academic session, the states with the highest number of MBBS seats in India are:
Karnataka – 12,545 seats
Uttar Pradesh – 12,475 seats
Tamil Nadu – 12,050 seats
Maharashtra – 11,846 seats
Telangana – 9,040 seats
These states have a large number of both government and private medical colleges, making them the top contributors to the total MBBS seats available in the country.
Reservation & Quota Highlights:
JIPMER: Divided into General Pool and Puducherry domicile-based seats.
AMU: 50% internal (AMU) reservation.
BHU: No internal quota; all seats under MCC All India counselling.
DU Colleges (MAMC, LHMC, UCMS): 85% seats reserved for Delhi students, 15% for All India Quota (AIQ).
ESIC: ESIC Insured Person (IP) quota applies where available; varies by college.
AFMC: Additional interview, medical test, and physical standards screening post-NEET
Dadra and Nagar Haveli MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total MBBS Seats
Government
1
177
Private
0
0
Total
1
177
Delhi MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total MBBS Seats
Government
8
1,247
Trust/Society
2
250
Total
10
1,497
Goa MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total MBBS Seats
Government
1
200
Private
0
0
Total
1
200
Gujarat MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total Seats
Government (Govt. + Govt.-Society)
23
4,750
Trust / Private / Deemed
18
2,900
Total
41
7,650
Haryana MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total MBBS Seats
Government
6
835
Private/Trust/Society
9
1,350
Total
15
2,185
Himachal Pradesh MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total MBBS Seats
Government
7
770
Private/Trust
1
150
Total
8
920
Jammu & Kashmir MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total MBBS Seats
Government
11
1,339
Private/Trust
1
100
Total
12
1,439
Jharkhand MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total MBBS Seats
Government
7
805
Private/Trust
2
250
Total
9
1,055
Karnataka MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total Seats
Government
26
3,975
Private/Trust/Deemed
47
8,570
Total
73
12,545
Kerala MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total MBBS Seats
Government
12
1,655
Private/Trust
22
3,250
Total
34
4,905
Madhya Pradesh MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total MBBS Seats
Government
16
3,020
Private/Trust
15
2,180
Total
31
5,200
Maharashtra MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
College Type
Number of Colleges
Total MBBS Seats
Government Medical Colleges
26
5,876
Private Medical Colleges
54
5,970
Total
80
11,846
Manipur MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total Seats
Government
3
375
Private
1
150
Total
4
525
Meghalaya MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total Seats
Government
1
50
Trust
1
150
Total
2
200
Mizoram MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total Seats
Government
1
100
Total
1
100
Nagaland MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total Seats
Society
1
100
Total
1
100
Odisha MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total Seats
Govt.
13
1,725
Society
1
100
Trust
5
900
Total
19
2,725
Pondicherry MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total Seats
Govt.
2
380
Trust
7
1,450
Total
9
1,830
Punjab MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total Seats
Govt.
5
850
Trust
8
1,000
Total
13
1,850
Rajasthan MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total Seats
Government
30
4,426
Private/Trust/Society
13
2,050
Total
43
6,726
Sikkim MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total Seats
Trust
1
150
Total
1
150
Tamil Nadu MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total MBBS Seats
Government
38
5,225
Trust/Society/Private (incl. Deemed)
39
6,825
Total
77
12,050
Telangana MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total MBBS Seats
Government
28
3,790
Trust/Society/Private (incl. Deemed)
37
5,250
Total
65
9,040
Tripura MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total MBBS Seats
Government
1
175
Trust
2
250
Total
3
425
Uttar Pradesh MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total MBBS Seats
Government (Include AIIMS)
34
6,500
Trust/Society/Private (incl. Deemed)
52
5,975
Total
86
12,475
Uttarakhand MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total MBBS Seats
Government
6
900
Trust/Society/Private (incl. Deemed)
4
500
Total
10
1,400
West Bengal MBBS - Seat Summary (2025–26)
Type
No. of Colleges
Total MBBS Seats
Government
20
3,200
Trust/Society/Private (incl. Deemed)
16
2,476
Total
36
5,676
Final Thought: Choose the Right Career with the Help of an Expert
While many students rely on trial-and-error when selecting a career, expert guidance ensures a clear, confident, and strategic path forward. With the right support, your journey toward becoming a doctor becomes focused, future-ready, and personally fulfilling.
When it comes to choosing MBBS in India, your NEET score and category may be the starting point, but long-term success depends on several other crucial factors. Make sure to balance your decision with insights into:
✅ Budget & Fee Structure: Consider total expenses across government, private, and deemed universities, including tuition fees, hostel, and living costs. ✅ Quota & Reservation Benefits: Use your category (EWS/OBC/SC/ST/PwD) and domicile quota wisely to maximize your chances in state and All India counselling. ✅ College Reputation & Clinical Exposure: Prioritize colleges with strong hospital tie-ups, clinical hands-on experience, and NMC accreditation. ✅ Location & Language: Choose a state or region where you can comfortably adapt to the language and environment for 5.5 years. ✅ Bond & Service Years: Understand state-specific service bonds and post-MBBS obligations before finalizing a college.
Need Help with Admission to MBBS Colleges in India?
We provide complete MBBS admission support for aspirants targeting top medical colleges through AIQ, state quota, or deemed university counselling:
✅ NEET Score & Rank Analysis to match you with the right colleges ✅ Counselling Support for All India & State Quotas (including EWS, OBC, SC/ST, PwD) ✅ Domicile & Category Guidance to optimize your state quota advantage ✅ Round-Wise College Predictions and Cutoff Tracking ✅ Document Verification & Admission Process helps to avoid errors and missed opportunities
Here’s What Expert Career Counseling Can Do for You
Career choices shape your future. At Admission Anytime, we help MBBS aspirants align their passion with professional success through expert counseling:
✅ Personalized College List based on NEET score, category, domicile, and preferences ✅ Guidance on Government vs Private vs Deemed Universities ✅ Career Planning Beyond MBBS – PG options, study abroad, and alternate medical careers ✅ Awareness of Legal and Ethical Responsibilities as a future medical professional
Don’t Leave Your Future to Guesswork
Get strategic, research-backed guidance from professionals who understand NEET counselling, medical college dynamics, and future career opportunities. Whether you're aiming for AIIMS, a top state government medical college, or private institutions, expert advice can help you make informed decisions.
At Admission Anytime, we empower students to:
✔ Choose the right MBBS college ✔ Maximize their NEET rank advantage ✔ Build a fulfilling, secure, and respected career in medicine
📞 Need help choosing the right MBBS college in India? Talk to our expert counselors today and take the first step toward your dream medical career!
FAQ
What is the duration of MBBS in India?
MBBS in India takes 5.5 years – 4.5 years academic study + 1-year mandatory rotational internship.
What are the eligibility criteria for MBBS in India?
10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Biotechnology, and English. Minimum 50% marks (40% for SC/ST/OBC). Must qualify NEET-UG.
What is NEET-UG?
NEET-UG (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test – Undergraduate) is the only national entrance exam for MBBS, BDS, AYUSH, and other medical courses in India.
Is NEET compulsory for MBBS in India?
Yes, NEET is mandatory for admission to all MBBS colleges in India, including AIIMS and JIPMER.
What is the age limit for MBBS in India?
Minimum: 17 years as on 31st December of the admission year. Maximum: No upper age limit (as per the latest NMC rules).
How many MBBS seats are available in India?
As of 2024, there are over 1.08 lakh MBBS seats in more than 700 medical colleges (including government and private).
What are the types of MBBS colleges in India?
Government medical colleges Private medical colleges Deemed universities AIIMS/Institute of National Importance
What is the fee structure for MBBS in India?
Government colleges: ₹20,000 to ₹1,50,000/year Private colleges: ₹5 lakh to ₹25 lakh/year Deemed universities: ₹10 lakh to ₹30 lakh/year AIIMS/JIPMER: Highly subsidized (~₹5,000/year)
What is the admission process for MBBS in India?
Appear and qualify in NEET-UG Register for counselling (AIQ via MCC, and State quota via state authorities) Seat allotment based on NEET rank, category, and preferences
What is the All India Quota (AIQ)?
15% of government MBBS seats are reserved for All India Quota (open to all NEET-qualified candidates), filled through MCC counselling.
What is the State Quota?
85% of government MBBS seats are reserved for domicile candidates of that particular state.
What is the compulsory internship in MBBS?
A 12-month rotational internship in hospitals, covering departments like Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics, OB-GYN, etc., is required for MBBS completion.
Can I practice after MBBS in India?
Yes, after completing MBBS and internship, and registering with a State Medical Council/NMC, you can practice as a general physician.
What is the NEXT exam?
NEXT (National Exit Test) will soon replace the final-year MBBS exam and serve as a licensing exam and PG entrance test (yet to be fully implemented).
What are the top government MBBS colleges in India?
AIIMS Delhi JIPMER Puducherry AFMC Pune Maulana Azad Medical College (MAMC), Delhi KGMU, Lucknow
Are there any reservations in MBBS admissions?
Yes, India follows reservations for SC, ST, OBC, EWS, and PwD candidates as per government norms.
Can NRI students apply for MBBS in India?
Yes. NRI candidates can apply through NRI quota in private/deemed universities after qualifying NEET-UG.
Are there any scholarships for MBBS students in India?
Yes, several central and state government scholarships are available for economically weaker or meritorious students.
Can I do MBBS in Hindi?
Yes. Some government colleges (especially in Hindi-speaking states) have started offering MBBS in Hindi medium, but English remains the primary medium.
Can I take a drop year for NEET preparation?
Yes. Many aspirants take 1 or 2 gap years to prepare for NEET-UG
What is the difference between AIIMS and other MBBS colleges?
AIIMS are Institutes of National Importance, have better infrastructure, faculty, research, and subsidized fees compared to other colleges.
What is the minimum NEET score required for MBBS in India?
It varies each year and by category. In 2023, the general cutoff was around 137 marks, and SC/ST/OBC cutoff was lower.
Is MBBS tough to study?
Yes. MBBS is demanding due to a vast syllabus, long hours, and clinical training, but with dedication, it’s manageable.
What comes after MBBS in India?
Postgraduation (MD/MS/DNB) Government job (through UPSC, State PSC) Research, Public Health (MPH), Hospital Management (MHA) Private practice
How can I become a specialist doctor after MBBS?
You must clear NEET-PG (or future NEXT) and complete MD/MS in your desired specialty.
Is it necessary to do PG after MBBS?
Not mandatory, but highly recommended for better career prospects and higher salary.
Can I study MBBS abroad and practice in India?
Yes, but you must: Qualify NEET Study at NMC-recognized foreign college Pass FMGE/NEXT on return to practice in India
What is FMGE?
Foreign Medical Graduate Examination, mandatory for Indian students with foreign MBBS degrees to obtain license in India.
Can I become a surgeon after MBBS?
Yes, by pursuing MS (Master of Surgery) in a surgical field after clearing NEET PG.
